Enhancement of mechanical and structural properties of jute fabric-reinforced polyester composites via alkali treatment

This research focuses on the fabrication and characterization of jute fabric-reinforced polyester composites, exploring the effects of alkali treatment on their mechanical and structural properties. Jute fabrics were chemically treated with a 5% NaOH solution for varying exposure times, including raw, 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours. The composites were manufactured using a vacuum contact molding process. Physical characterization methods included determining the reinforcement volume ratio and measuring the composites density. Tensile tests were conducted to assess the mechanical behavior of the materials under stress, providing critical insights into their performance. Structural characterization was performed using advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray tomography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the material's internal structure and composition. Alkali treatment influenced the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Notably, composites treated for 1 and 3 hours. XRD analysis revealed a modification in crystallinity parameters of the jute fibers after alkali treatment. FTIR spectra showed changes in chemical groups after treatment. X-ray tomography provided non-destructive, 3D analysis of the porosity within the composites, offering detailed information about pore size, shape, and distribution. The treated composites exhibited decreased porosity values, further validating the benefits of alkali treatment in reducing voids and improving material density. SEM observations revealed improved interfacial bonding between the jute fibers and the polyester matrix in the treated composites. The analysis of fracture surfaces elucidated fracture mechanisms, highlighting the critical role of interfacial bonding in determining the overall properties and performance of the composites.