One pot Hypnea valentiae mediated synthesis of silver doped curcumin nanoparticles and their evaluation of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity

In this study, extracts of the red algae Hypnea valentiae were utilized as capping and reducing agents for the biosynthesis of silver-doped curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-AgNPs). The physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of the synthesized Cur-AgNPs were systematically evaluated. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed a characteristic peak at 446 nm for the algal-extract-capped Cur-AgNPs, accompanied by a visually detectable color change. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed a nearly hexagonal structure with nanoscale diameters ranging from 200 to 400 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified molecular bonds associated with C-X, C-O, N-O, C=C, C equivalent to C and C-H groups in the Cur-AgNPs. The nanoparticles demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, including Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the significant inhibition zone observed at an 80 mu g/mL concentration. Cur-AgNPs showed a peak anti-inflammatory activity of 84 % at a concentration of 100 mu g/mL, whereas diclofenac displayed a superior activity of 94.7 %, and the IC50 value for Cur-AgNPs was determined to be 52.9 mu g. Cytotoxicity studies revealed an IC50 value of 44 mu g/mL against the A549 lung cancer cell line, highlighting the potential of CurAgNPs in biomedical efficacy studies. To increase the stability and efficacy of the Cur-AgNPs, more research might focus on improving the synthesis procedure. To clarify the precise interactions and processes by which these nanoparticles exhibit their biological efficiency, in-depth mechanistic studies are necessary. Furthermore, to confirm the therapeutic potential and evaluate the drug viability of Cur-AgNPs, in vivo study and clinical trials would be needed.