Recent Developments in Heterogeneous Nano Catalyst for Green Synthesis: A Review

In the realm of chemical industries, heterogeneous catalysts are pivotal, enabling the molecular transformations that lead to the formation of desired products. Nano-catalysts have attracted significant international attention because of their diminutive size and enhanced surface area, resulting in improved interfacial interactions and expanded functional capabilities. In the realm of green chemistry, nano-catalysis is recognized as an effective technology owing to the distinctive characteristics of nano-particles (NPs), which possess vast exterior area and enhanced efficiency of catalysts. NPs are regarded as versatile catalysts among a large variety of application spanning since energy conversion to chemical production. The applications of nano-catalysis extend into various aspects of daily life, including personal care items, environmental cleanup (such as the extraction of heavy metals and the management of manufacturing devastate), pharmaceuticals, bio-sensors, bio-medical applications, and food processing. Consequently, recent advancements in methodical and scientific research focused on sustainable catalysis have garnered international interest in addressing the challenges posed by industrial pollution. Nano-catalysts are particularly advantageous for green production, as they facilitate rapid chemical transformations, improve yield, and simplify the processes of catalyst separation and recovery. In this review we will give a comprehensive summary of the advancement completed in the green multi-component synthesis of imidazoles, coumarines, dihydro-pyridines, benzoxanthene, pyrazole, naphthopyran, alpha-aminophosphonates, and beta-amino carbonyl derivatives using various heterogenous nano-catalytic systems, we have carefully reviewed ten years' worth of research papers, from 2013 to 2024. We looked for research that skillfully combined numerous catalyst designs employing eco-friendly metals and biodegradable composites, rather than restricting our focus to a single green chemical approach