Exploring neurodevelopment in CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Current insights and future directions

CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is a rare and severe neurodevelopmental condition marked by profound developmental delays, early-onset epilepsy, and significant impairments in motor and communication skills. The outcomes in CDD are shaped by various factors, including early-onset epilepsy and environmental influences. Genotype-phenotype correlations reveal that specific CDKL5 mutations impact developmental milestones, although considerable variability persists. Recent advancements have introduced novel antiseizure medications and emerging treatments such as gene therapy and targeted molecular interventions. Despite these promising developments, managing CDD effectively requires a comprehensive approach that integrates pharmacological treatments with neuro-rehabilitation strategies. Research has progressed in developing validated tools for assessing motor and language abilities in CDD, but monitoring neurodevelopment remains challenging due to the absence of longitudinal studies and standardized measures. This study delves into the developmental delays associated with CDD, providing an in-depth analysis of its clinical characteristics, pathogenetic mechanisms, and genetic background. It aims to uncover the pathways disrupted by CDKL5 mutations and their effects on neuronal development and function. Additionally, the study reviews potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate CDD's impact, offering a comprehensive overview of interventions to enhance patient outcomes.