Universal blind quantum computing assisted by quantum teleportation

Blind quantum computing (BQC) allows classical clients to delegate quantum computing tasks to cloud servers while maintaining privacy throughout the computation. Although the circuit-based BQC protocol proposed by Childs laid the foundation for the field, the implementation of quantum algorithm encryption has remained a significant challenge. Here, we propose a novel BQC protocol that combines quantum teleportation with one-time-pad cryptography, effectively addressing the challenges of implementing universal BQC within the circuit model. In our protocol, the client only needs the capability to prepare single-qubit states and apply X and Z gates, while the server creates all required quantum states, performs the quantum computations and the Bell measurement. In contrast to measurement-based BQC protocols, the proposed scheme significantly reduces server-side hardware complexity and overall resource consumption by avoiding the need to prepare large-scale graph states, thereby simplifying the state preparation requirements for the server. This work introduces a novel approach for efficient BQC and contributes to the advancement of privacy protection techniques in quantum computing.