Design and implementation of mHealth applications for older people with cancer: A scoping review

Objective: This scoping review aimed to systematically synthesize the evidence on the functions, design, implementation strategies, and evaluation approaches of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) developed for older adults with cancer, to inform future research and practice. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, with an updated systematic search of five databases (Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from January 1, 2008, to February 28, 2025. The review adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. Results: Thirty studies involving 19 mHealth apps were included. Primary functions encompassed health monitoring, education, symptom reminders, consultation, and personalized interventions. While most apps incorporated user-centered designs, the integration of theoretical frameworks and age-specific evaluation tools was limited. Implementation strategies varied, emphasizing user training, technical support, and family engagement. Social support features were underrepresented. Studies were predominantly conducted in Western countries, highlighting the need for culturally adapted interventions in East Asia. Conclusions: This scoping review revealed that while mHealth apps for older adults with cancer have advanced in user-centered design and preliminary evaluations, critical gaps remain in theory-driven development, standardized usability assessment, and cultural adaptation. Future work should prioritize co-design, theoretical frameworks, and culturally sensitive strategies to enhance app usability and clinical integration. Systematic review registration: The review protocol has been registered in the OSF registry (DOI: 10.17605/OSF. IO/67J9N).