The Role of Seaweed Derived Bioactive Compounds in Preventing Cellular Senescence and Aging

Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The basic causes of aging are not fully known; nonetheless, extensive research indicates that several key biological pathways play critical roles in controlling the process. These proteins include the sirtuin family, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), autophagy processes, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Targeting these pathways with genetic therapies or dietary changes has been proven to increase longevity and slow aging-related decline. Seaweeds are high in nutrients, such as dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances. They are known for their health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Notably, recent studies have indicated that extracts or isolated compounds like fucoidan, fucoxanthin, phlorotannin and carotenoids from seaweeds can positively influence these aging-regulating pathways. Certain seaweed-derived compounds have been shown to activate sirtuins, enhance AMPK activity, modulate IGF signaling, promote autophagy, and upregulate Nrf2 pathways, all of which are associated with extended lifespan and improved health span in various animal models. So, this review focuses on the potential anti-aging bioactive substances found in seaweeds, emphasizing studies conducted on cellular and animal models and their underlying anti-aging mechanisms.