THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC FARMING IN ROMANIA (2012-2023): TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

This study analyses the evolution of certified organic operators and the agricultural area dedicated to organic farming in Romania during the period 2012-2023. The methodology used included the collection and processing of official statistical data, the application of quantitative analysis methods and the calculation of relevant statistical indicators. The evolution of organic farming was examined through the lens of economic, political, and climatic factors, while also considering the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) regulations and the financial support provided to farmers for land conversion. The analysis of organic agriculture in Romania from 2012 to 2023 reveals a notable increase in organically farmed areas, despite variations in the number of certified operators. The total area dedicated to organic farming grew by 140.7%, indicating a rising interest among farmers, bolstered by European subsidies, national policies, and a growing consumer demand for organic products.However, challenges such as certification costs, administrative burdens, and market volatility remain obstacles to further growth.The statistical analysis shows that certain categories of organic crops, such as legumes, industrial crops, and green harvested plants, experienced remarkable growth, driven by economic incentives and sustainability benefits. Meanwhile, other crops, like tuber plants, have shown fluctuating trends due to economic and climatic factors. Permanent crops, including orchards, vineyards, and pastures, have steadily increased, demonstrating long-term stability in organic farming.The SWOT analysis reveals that organic farming in Romania has strong potential for future development, benefiting from favorable policies and an expanding market. However, the sector requires continued support through investments in research, innovation, and infrastructure, as well as stronger incentives for small and medium-sized farmers to transition to organic practices.