Health Information Literacy of Cardiac Patients: A Systematic Literature Review

Background and Objectives: Health information literacy (HIL) is gaining global attention due to complex information ecosystem and exponential health issues. This systematic review investigates the low functioning of HIL among cardiac patients and the key factors associated with HIL and cardiac patients. In this study, we investigate the poor performance of HIL in cardiac patients (CP) and the important factors associated with HIL and CP. Materials and Methods: This review examined Exploringthe Gaps and Associations in Health Information Literacy among Cardiac Patients: A Systematic Review while evaluating research in English that appeared within the time period of 2006 to December 2024. The research eliminated studies which utilized Exploringthe Gaps and Associations in Health Information Literacy among Cardiac Patients: The flowchart stated in the PRISMA diagram shows how researchers selected 521 relevant studies for inclusion. A material extraction structure was applied to analyze the selected studies. Final selection of studies took place after conducting title reviews and abstract and full text evaluations. This review implementation conformed to the PRISMA standards for systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Results: The systematic review of 21 studies found that demographic and clinical factors, such as gender, age, education, and disease knowledge, positively impact health information literacy (HIL) among cardiac patients. Conversely, factors like older age, lower education, African American ethnicity, depression, hypertension, and longer disease duration negatively affect HIL. The study suggests tailored interventions and patient-centered care approaches. Conclusion: The menstrual health literacy level among female undergraduates was high and good. Schools and homes should provide girls and young adult's females with information about the meaning of menstruation, cycle and the importance of good hygienic practices.