Oyster mushroom fermented Vachellia erioloba pods as replacement for wheat bran in broiler diets: Physiology and meat physicochemical and nutritional quality

High feed costs and compromised meat quality are among the major issues perturbing the global broiler industry. This study therefore investigated Vachellia erioloba pods-derived oyster mushroom spent substrate (OMSS) as a potential nutraceutical feed ingredient to replace wheat bran for enhancing meat quality in broilers. Four hundred male Ross 308 chicks at 14 d of age were randomly allocated to 40 pens and fed treatment diets (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% OMSS) each with 8 replicates of 10 birds for 28 d (grower: d 15 to 28, and finisher: d 29 to 42) prior to slaughter on d 43. Whilst there were no effects of diet on overall body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), mortality rate, carcass traits, meat physicochemical quality, and most haemato-biochemistry parameters (P > 0.05), dietary OMSS increased chicken overall feed intake (FI) (linear: P = 0.043), gizzard weights (linear: P = 0.021), and breast meat ether extract (EE) (linear: P < 0.001) as it tended to increase its ash (P = 0.064) contents. Further, OMSS linearly increased chicken white blood cells (P = 0.044), lymphocytes (P = 0.002), platelets (P = 0.009), monocytes (P = 0.007), and lipase activity (P = 0.015), and linearly decreased its eosinophils (P = 0.007) and platelet distribution width (PDW; P = 0.003). Moreover, OMSS increased breast meat myristic (linear: P = 0.012), palmitic (quadratic: P = 0.015), palmitoleic (linear: P = 0.023), and oleic (linear: P = 0.002) acids, and impacted its total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), with 1.25% and 5% inclusion levels inducing the lowest and highest responses, respectively (P = 0.024). In contrast, it decreased meat stearic (linear: P = 0.004), eicosenoic (linear: P = 0.004) and eicosadienoic (linear: P = 0.025) acid contents. However, OMSS did not affect meat's vaccenic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic, eicosatrienoic, total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary OMSS replacement of up to 10% wheat bran increased broiler meat fatness, ash, and MUFAs, as well as immune competence, lipase activity, gizzard weights and FI without altering other performance variables, carcass-visceral traits, haemato-biochemistry, and meat physicochemical quality. (c) 2025 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).