STUDY REGARDING THE CONCEPTION RATE IN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN COWS

The study material consisted of Holstein Friesian cows, monitoring 343 heads in 2022 and 443 cows in 2023. To assess the fertility of females, it is appropriate to conduct a gynaecological survey. The gynaecological survey includes: anamnesis data (age, number of pregnancies, previous parturitions, and manifestation of the stages of sexual cycles), the second stage of the survey refers to the external clinical examination by assessing the general appearance of the female and the genital apparatus as well as the presence of estrus-specific discharges. The conception rate values for bovines in 2022 were 53.9%, while in 2023 a difference of 2.5% was recorded, respectively 56.4%. From the presented data, a descending curve is observed from 86.8% in 2-year-old females to 70.0% in females over 9 years old (in 2023). In 2022, the highest conception rate percentage in cows was recorded using semen from the bull Delius (52.1%), followed by the bulls Honk, Mega, Mogul, and Everglade (50.0%). For heifers in the same year, an increase in the gestation percentage is noted, with the best results being recorded for the bull Delius (63.6%), followed by the bull Everglade (60.0%). The analysis of the conception rate by seasons in 2022 shows that this indicator has the highest value in the period June-August (60.9%), followed by the period September-November (56.0%) and the minimum value of 48.8% in the period December-February. An essential factor for assessing the reproductive process of a breeder is the quality control of the semen material. The conception rate of a breeder depends on the quality of the semen material, the quantity, and last but not least, the concentration of spermatozoa per ml of raw semen.