Impacts of climate change and variability on water resources management in Kagera River Basin, Tanzania

This study investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources management in the Kagera River Basin. The study utilized qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rainfall and temperature data from 1991 to 2021, spanning 30 years, were used in this study. The results showed fluctuations in rainfall trends with increasing (Z > 0) and decreasing (p > 0.05) increasing (Z > 0) trends in the study area. Perceived indicators of climate change and variability were unpredictable rainfall, particularly through late rain, early onset of rain, and increased instances of drought. The results indicated poor access to water resources and limited options available. Climate change is perceived to affect the availability, accessibility, and management of water resources within the basin, leading to flooding and drought, crop destruction, hunger, domestic water shortages, low household income, and pest and disease outbreaks. The findings reveal that the destruction of water sources (41.9%), changes in climatic conditions (40.5%), and soil erosion (38.6%) are the main perceived effects resulting from human activities. This study offers insights into potential water resource vulnerability, highlighting the need for immediate response mechanisms to sustain effective water resource management.