Interventions to reduce prejudice against bisexual people and bisexuality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The persistent prejudice against bisexual people highlights the need for demonstrably effective interventions. Previous systematic reviews have focused on anti-lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) prejudice collectively or homonegativity specifically, excluding bisexuality, but it remains unknown to what extent interventions actually work to address antibisexual prejudice. This study is the first comprehensive review of the efficacy of interventions to reduce prejudice against bisexual people and bisexuality. We searched six databases, along with citation searches and calls for unpublished data. We double-screened 9,780 abstracts and 41 full-text papers and identified 20 intervention studies reported in 19 papers involving 3,002 non-bisexual participants. Interventions included approaches such as intergroup contact, multicultural education, cognitive strategies, or a combination. Meta-analysis of the best available causal evidence (i.e., 14 randomised controlled trials) indicated that interventions to date have had limited success, with most demonstrating little or no substantial effect (d = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.15). This finding was robust to methodological and sample-related moderators. Subgroup analysis suggested that combining multicultural education and contact was the most promising approach (d = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.56), but more work is needed to demonstrate reliable, robust reductions in antibisexual prejudice.