A Qualitative Study on the Barriers and Facilitators of Integrating Women into the rFiefigtnihig Workforce: Perspectives of Men and Women

This study explores the barriers and facilitators of integrating women into the firefighting workforce, with insights drawn from both women and men firefighters in South Australia. The research focuses on challenges and supports encountered during recruitment and long-term retention of women in this male dominated field. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with paid (career) firefighters, with a thematic analysis applied to transcriptions. Key themes identified included occupational challenges (barriers) such as lack of diversity, perception of women as "diversity hires," ill-fitting uniforms and equipment, unconscious bias, and the hypermasculine culture of the workplace. Women also tended to cope with workplace trauma differently than men, seeking psychological support from female colleagues, while men often suppressed emotions. Non-occupational facilitators such as flexible rostering access to fitness programs, and lifestyle benefits including camaraderie within the workforce, were important in retaining both genders. However, the lack of accessible 24-hour childcare emerged as significant barrier for women managing both work and caregiving responsibilities. We concluded that improving equipment fit, trauma support, inclusive recruitment and accessible 24-hour childcare are essential for increasing gender diversity in firefighting. These changes are key to retaining women in first responder roles and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the workforce.