Enhancing Energy Efficiency for Sustainable Mobility in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles via an Integrated Intelligent Energy Management System

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are increasingly recognized for their high energy efficiency, long driving range, compatibility with renewable energy sources, and zero emissions. However, widespread adoption remains limited due to high costs, system weight, hydrogen availability, and energy storage limitations. In particular, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly operation requires improved energy storage quality and real-time monitoring systems. This study proposes a sustainable, intelligent solution to enhance FCEV performance by introducing performance indices that evaluate the selection and influence of various energy storage technologies under diverse driving conditions. The proposed approach utilizes the ADVISOR simulation platform to enable real-time monitoring and assess key metrics such as vehicle performance, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS), integrating batteries and supercapacitors, is implemented to analyze critical operational parameters and identify the optimal configuration. Key factors examined include power distribution, charge/discharge profiles, energy management strategies, and overall system efficiency. The results demonstrate that hybridizing fuel cells with multiple energy storage sources enhances efficiency by 15-20%, reduces energy costs through optimized charge/discharge schedules, and extends battery life. Furthermore, the system improves overall energy performance by automatically adapting energy supply sources, supporting a more sustainable and robust mobility solution.