Exploring internationalisation in higher education: a systematic review of global collaborations

International collaboration involves individuals, organisations, or countries from different parts of the world working together to achieve common goals and address global challenges. This paper aims to examine and uncover the international collaboration activities in higher education through utilising the systematic review to analyse publications retrieved from Scopus between 2014 and 2023. Out of 572 papers, the researchers chose 53 papers, applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed examination of the full-text content of these papers led to the identification of four topics of international collaboration, including curriculum, teaching and learning approaches and research, quality control, and learner's and teacher's competence. The findings emphasised that international collaboration focused on integrating cultural aspect of the course, using various teaching and learning methods, developing international collaboration activities in research, ensuring and evaluating quality control/accreditation in international collaborative programmes. Besides, the competencies of learners and teachers were enhanced through internationalisation.