Material Support of Maritime Educational Institutions in Kherson Gubernia (19th early 20th centuries)

The article is devoted to the study and assessment of the material support of maritime educational institutions of the Kherson gubernia in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The evolution of state support for the maritime sector of vocational and technical education, provision of educational and visual materials, and sources of funding are shown. The educational and methodological support and material support of maritime educational institutions were characterized by a certain diversity, which depended on the possibilities of funding from the local community. If, until the 1880s, maritime classes were insufficiently equipped, had poor libraries, and most subjects did not even have textbooks, then at the turn of the 19th century, educational institutions had good facilities and equipment, library funds sufficient for learning, and good support. Also, over time, the general support of most maritime schools had gradually improved, as evidenced by the enhancement of the arrangement of vocational schools in Kherson, Mykolaiv (Nikolayev), Odesa, which had turned into centers of maritime education in Southern Ukraine. To summarize, the primary sources of funding for maritime educational institutions were: 1) state funds; 2) funds of the local community; 3) funds of public societies and associations; 4) assistance from large enterprises and professional associations (Volunteer Fleet, Black Sea-Danube Shipping Company, Russian Society of Shipping and Trade); 5) private assistance. Thus, only a combination of state support and private and public initiatives in the funding of maritime education in Kherson gubernia made it possible to establish a specific network of educational institutions for training experts for the maritime field.