Trends in cervical cancer incidence in the United States from 2000-2019

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue globally and in the United States (US). Understanding the patterns of disease occurrence and identifying at-risk populations is crucial. This study aimed to assess the impact of age, menstrual cycle, and birth cohort on cervical cancer incidence, with a focus on identifying the most vulnerable demographic groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 database, which included cervical cancer cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2019. Age-period-cohort (APC) modeling and joinpoint analysis were employed to examine trends in cervical cancer incidence across various age groups, racial categories, tumor stages, and sizes. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess temporal and demographic variations. Results: Cervical cancer incidence demonstrated a fluctuating trend from 2000 to 2019, with an initial decline followed by a slight increase from 2013 onward. The annual growth rate post-2013 was 0.3 % (95 % CI:- 0.7 %- 1.4 %). Age-specific analysis revealed a significant decrease in incidence for the 20-24 age group and an increase for the 40-44 age group, which reached its peak during the study period. A reduction in incidence was also observed for localized and distant tumor stages, as well as smaller tumors. Conclusion: Between 2000 and 2019, cervical cancer incidence varied across age groups, with individuals aged 40-44 years showing a marked increase in susceptibility. These findings highlight the importance of targeted intervention strategies for vulnerable populations and provide insights into the temporal dynamics of cervical cancer incidence.