Recent progress in ROS-responsive biomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases pose a significant global health burden, characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. ROS-responsive biomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, owing to their unique responsiveness to the disease microenvironment. These materials enable precise drug delivery, controlled release, and the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. This review provides an overview of how ROS-responsive biomaterials, through tailored interactions with oxidative stress in disease microenvironments, facilitate dynamic diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Firstly, this review introduces the mechanisms of ROS responsiveness, followed by a discussion on biomaterials used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Subsequently, the review delves into the multifaceted roles of ROS in various cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction, and discussed the applications of ROS-responsive biomaterials in these diseases. Finally, the review analyzes the challenges facing the clinical translation of ROS-responsive biomaterials in cardiovascular diseases and proposes promising research directions, providing a reference for future exploration and development of dynamic diagnosis and personalized treatment. This review aims to elucidate the paradigm of precisely matching the pathological features of cardiovascular diseases with the functions of materials from the perspective of ROS.