Contemporary cohort study in adult patients with infective endocarditis

Background: Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease, with high morbidity and mortality. Few case series come from middle- income countries. Our aim is to describe a case series of patients with IE treated at a reference center in Brazil and compare data to other countries. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively implemented endocarditis database was conducted, including adult patients with definite IE, January 2006-June 2023. A literature search and summary were done. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi (R), version 1.2.2. Results: There were 502 episodes of IE; mean age + SD was 48.4+17.2 years. Community-acquired IE occurred in 64.7 %. Main predispositions were rheumatic valve disease (30.7 %), prostheses (31.5 %), and congenital heart disease (13.9 %). Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms were performed in 85 % and 78 %, respectively. Left-sided IE predominated. Fever occurred in 90.6 %, new murmurs in 50.7 %, and embolism in 45 %. Blood cultures were negative in 33.1 %; frequent pathogens were oral streptococci (15.6 %), Staphylococcus aureus (10.0 %), and enterococci (12.8 %). Main complications were heart failure (58 %), renal failure (32.8 %), and splenic embolization (35.2 %). Surgery was performed in 83.6 %; overall in-hospital mortality was 25 %; surgical mortality was 21.3 %. Conclusions: Blood culture negative left-sided IE predominated. The mortality rate was high but within the range of reported series. Surgery was performed frequently and patients who were operated on had lower mortality.