Quality of Life in Women with Endometriosis: The Importance of Socio-Demographic, Diagnostic-Therapeutic, and Psychological Factors

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory condition, that not only leads to significant physical symptoms but also exerts a profound psychological and social burden. This study aimed to asjsess the relationship between quality of life (QoL) in women with endometriosis and selected socio-demographic, diagnostic-therapeutic, and psychological factors, emphasizing self-efficacy and dispositional optimism as potential protective resources. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2020 and 2022 in healthcare facilities in eastern Poland. The study included 425 women diagnosed with endometriosis. The research tools were the Endometriosis Health Profile, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Life Orientation Test-Revised, as well as an original socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression, and hierarchical regression to assess the predictive role of psychological resources beyond sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: A higher number of physicians from various specialties consulted before diagnosis was significantly associated with lower QoL in all EHP-30 domains except infertility (p < 0.05). The perceived economic burden of treatment was significantly related to lower QoL across all domains (p < 0.05). In contrast, higher levels of self-efficacy and dispositional optimism emerged as independent protective factors, positively associated with emotional well-being, social support, sexual functioning, and relationships with medical staff (p < 0.05). Psychological variables accounted for an additional 8.1% of the variance in QoL beyond socio-demographic and clinical predictors. Conclusions: The findings support the relevance of a biopsychosocial framework in managing endometriosis. Psychological resources play a critical role in coping with the disease and should be integrated into personalized care strategies.