Curcumin Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Quantitative Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial

Controlling hyperglycemia and inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains an important approach to control diabetes. The use of phytochemicals found in natural herbs has been investigated widely, and there are inconsistent findings in clinical trials, likely associated with a small sample size. A meta-analysis of clinical trials was performed by conducting a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHost, and Web of Sciences. The search terms included Curcumin longa, turmeric, curcumin, curcuma xanthorrhiza, diferuloylmethane, and type 2 diabetes. Data were analyzed using an online meta-analysis tool, Jamovi version 2.4.8 and IBM SPSS statistics version 29. The data were reported as either mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals. The evidence from 18 trials with 1382 T2D with a mean age of 55.9 years was analyzed. Supplementation with curcumin led to a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, MD = -11.48 mg/dL, 95%CI (-14.26, -8.70), p < 0.01 and glycated hemoglobin, MD = -0.54%, 95%CI (-0.73, -0.35), p < 0.01. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in C-Reactive Protein in curcumin compared to a placebo, SMD = -0.59, 95%CI (-1.11, -0.07), p = 0.03. The findings observed in this study suggest that curcumin can ameliorate hyperglycemia and inflammation in T2D compared to a placebo. While the potential benefits were observed, it is recommended that future trials focus on finding a suitable dose and duration of intervention and incorporate formulation in curcumin to enhance its absorption.