Imo-induced changes in gut hormones and glucose metabolism: A key to improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes

Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) are prebiotic oligosaccharides that have shown promise in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, making them potential therapeutic agents for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). IMO selectively stimulates beneficial gut microbiota, particularly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These SCFAs play a pivotal role in enhancing the release of gut hormones such as GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) and PYY (Peptide YY), which improve insulin secretion and promote satiety, thus improving glucose homeostasis. Clinical studies have reported that IMO supplementation can lower HbA1c by 0.5% and reduce postprandial glucose spikes, demonstrating its efficacy in glycemic control. Additionally, IMO promotes insulin sensitivity by reducing inflammation and enhancing adiponectin levels. Although the current findings are promising, further research is needed to determine optimal dosing, long-term safety, and the role of individual gut microbiomes in tailoring IMO interventions. Future studies focusing on personalized nutrition strategies and the synergistic effects of IMO with other lifestyle interventions could enhance its applicability as a key component in T2D management.