BUB1, miR-495-3p, and E2F1/E2F8 axis is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients and infiltration of Th2 cells in the tumor microenvironment

Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, is characterized by cell cycle dysregulation and chromosome segregation errors, leading to mitotic catastrophe and genomic instability. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for better diagnosis and treatment. We used databases like TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, and Oncomine to determine the differential expression of Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) in normal and pan-cancer tissues. we also used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database to analyze gene expression associations with survival outcomes, bc-GenExMiner v5.0 to analyze BUB1 gene expression and histological subtypes, and ctcRbase and miR-TV to identify microRNAs associated with BUB1 expression in breast cancer. Our data show that BUB1 expression is overexpressed in breast cancer tumors, metastatic tissues, and circulating tumor cells, leading to shorter overall survival, disease-free survival, and relapse-free survival compared to low-expression patients. BUB1 expression is strongly correlated with E2F1/E2F8 expression, suggesting a potential regulatory relationship between these genes. The study revealed a negative correlation between target miRNA miR-495-3p and BUB1 expression in breast cancer tumors, indicating a potential regulatory relationship between these genes. The BUB1 expression was also strongly correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) subtypes in the tumors, suggesting a need for further research.