Use of electromagnetic field for heat transfer improvement of nanofluid flow over circular pipe with reducer

Utilizing electromagnetic sources to enhance heat transfer in ferrofluids proves to be an effective technique in heat exchangers. This study extensively examines the impact of a nonuniform electromagnetic field and nanofluid conditions on the thermal properties of a nanofluid containing 4% Fe3O4 nanoparticles as it flows through a pipe with a reducer. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to simulate the nanofluid flow, and a three-dimensional model is utilized to uncover the primary effects of the electromagnetic field on the thermal improvement of the nanofluid flow. The findings demonstrate that the presence of the electromagnetic field and cross barrier facilitates the generation of vortices inside the pipe. Consequently, the diffusion of the thermal layer into the flow becomes more efficient, leading to an improvement in the thermal improvement of the nanofluid. Furthermore, the influence of magnetic field intensity indicates that the enhancement of Nusselt number is directly proportional to the intensity of the magnetic source. Nusselt number changes along the cone of reducer shows that the increasing Re = 50 to 150 will improves the average heat transfer about 60%. In addition, maximum local Nusselt number happens at angle of 40 degree. Usage of the magnetic field would enhance the average of Nusselt number up to 100% in conical reducer.