Recent advancements of chromogenic and fluorogenic organic probes for the sensing of greenhouse gas CO2: current achievements, challenges and future prospects

Considering the significant environmental, biological, and industrial importance of CO2, the design, and development of chromogenic and fluorogenic organic probes has become a significant research topic in the past few decades. The design techniques, sensing mechanisms, and uses of organic CO2 probes published since 2019 have all been addressed in this feature article. We initially classified these CO2 probes into two categories: 1. CO2 chemosensor and 2. CO2 chemodosimeter. We again categorize CO2 chemosensors into five distinct types: (i) anion-induced deprotonation strategy; (ii) aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based chemosensors; (iii) ionicliquid-based chemosensors; (iv) polymer-based chemosensors; and (v) miscellaneous approaches. This review explores the achievements of these probes, their limitations and challenges, and future opportunities in this field. It also presents a comparison of all these probes. We anticipate that this review will be beneficial to researchers in the design of chromogenic and fluorogenic CO2 probes for biological and environmental applications in the future.