Real-time temperature monitoring to evaluate the strength evolution of 3D printed concrete: From lab to in-situ printing

Assessing the strength evolution of 3D printed concrete, particularly when created in-situ with varying ambient temperatures, is critical for ensuring its buildability and structural performance. This paper introduces a method, termed Updated Real-time Monitoring and Modification (URMM), tailored for evaluating the strength evolution of 3D printed concrete during the construction process. URMM operates by continuously monitoring temperature using an embedded temperature sensor within 3D printed concrete. It then employs remote real-time computational analysis, utilizing a correction maturity algorithm, to predict the strength evolution of 3D printed concrete based on the modified maturity method. To demonstrate its applicability, a case study involving the 3D printing of a 6-meter tall concrete structure is presented, showcasing the implementation of URMM. The experimental outcomes indicate that URMM effectively enables accurate, non-destructive, and real-time monitoring of the strength evolution of 3D printed concrete. The research aims to provide a strength evaluation method to facilitate the widespread move of 3D printed concrete from the laboratory to the construction site.