A novel congestion based pricing model for prosumer-centric smart grid systems

The optimization of energy sharing (ES) within smart grid (SG) systems is hindered by issues such as congestion and inefficient utilization of renewable energy sources. This article addresses these challenges by implementing a congestion-based pricing model in a prosumer-centric SG system. Initially, a dynamic pricing model is formulated to address line congestion, factoring in the supply and demand dynamics of photovoltaic (PV) prosumers within the SG. Additionally, the model incorporates demand response (DR) and transactive energy (TE) mechanisms, considering customers' flexibility to adjust their loads, and designs cost models based on economic considerations and user willingness to engage. By linking the discovered price with customer supply and demand, this approach aims to optimize ES while ensuring Shapley value-based fairness, ultimately reducing prosumer costs and enhancing ES within the SG. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. All simulations and numerical experiments were performed in MATLAB R2023a on a system with an Intel Core i7 processor and 16 GB RAM.