Research on energy consumption law and charging strategies design of electric buses

To address fossil energy scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions, promoting electric buses (EB) has become a key initiative globally. Studying energy consumption law and designing charging strategies for EB are crucial to reducing costs and improving operation quality. In this paper, the energy consumption law is analyzed based on the real operation data of 48 EBs for 6 influencing factors. Several single-factor energy consumption models are proposed and fitted. Relying on data-driven energy consumption estimation under different operational conditions, a multi-condition two-level nested optimization method is proposed to optimize the parameters of charging piles and opportunity charging schedules, aiming to reduce charging piles cost, electricity cost, and delay risks. A case study shows that the proposed method improves the multi-condition comprehensive score by 14.4 % compared to the baseline strategy. While the charging piles cost remains similar, the proposed method significantly reduces electricity cost and delay risks across different conditions.