The Association Between Architectural Home Designs and Mental Health: A Study in Older People Living Independently in the Rural Areas of Chiang Mai Province

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between architectural home design and mental health in older adults living independently in rural Chiang Mai. Methods: A purposive sample of seniors from San Kamphaeng District, living independently, were selected. Participants were assessed using tools like the MSPSS, OI-21, RULS-6, RI-9, PSQI, and a custom Home and Community Environment Satisfaction Scale. Statistical analysis examined correlations between home design, mental health, and satisfaction. Results: The study involved 83 participants (72.3% female, mean age 70.2 +/- 6.16). Anxiety (3.51 +/- 3.44) and depression (2.69 +/- 3.19) levels were low, with minimal loneliness (10.02 +/- 3.92). Social support was moderate (63.11 +/- 15.69), and resilience was strong (38.42 +/- 6.43). Nearly half of the participants (48.2%) had poor sleep quality. Architectural features influenced mental health, with larger yard spaces improving social support, while gardens had a negative correlation due to maintenance. Single-story homes with accessible layouts and south/east-facing living rooms improved mental health. Larger doors were linked to poorer sleep quality. Conclusions: Positive architectural designs, including accessible bedrooms and favorable orientations, enhance mental health for the elderly, supporting aging in place.