Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: The Role of Starch-Based Nanoparticles in Targeted Therapy

The biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide starch is a great platform for the development of nanoparticles (NPs). Due to its special qualities, which include high stability, low toxicity, and ease of modification, it is a desirable option for the administration of anticancer drugs. Targeted cancer therapy has found a potential carrier in starch-based nanoparticles (SNPs). SNPs can be functionalized with ligands to target cancer cells in particular. These ligands allow for targeted medication delivery by identifying overexpressed receptors on tumor surfaces. SNPs have been studied in relation to chemotherapeutics, siRNAs, and photothermal treatments, among other anticancer agents. They are also used in combination therapy, where their combined targeting of cancer cells improves treatment outcomes. SNPs in cancer treatment are being evaluated in a number of clinical trials. These trials evaluate patient outcomes, safety, and efficacy and offer important information for potential future uses. Regulatory bodies closely monitor various treatments based on NPs. Clinical translation requires an understanding of their safety profiles, biodistribution, and clearance mechanisms. In this review, we examine the potential of SNPs to enhance anticancer medication delivery and treatment efficacy through drug targeting.