Governance challenges of renewable energy development in fossil fuel dependent countries with a focus on Iran

This study examines the challenges and opportunities in developing renewable energy sources in Iran, a country with significant potential for solar and wind power. Using a grounded theory approach, we analyze the factors influencing the slow progress of renewable energy adoption despite favorable conditions and policy intentions. Through interviews with key stakeholders and document analysis, we identify critical causal, contextual, and intervening conditions affecting renewable energy development. Our findings reveal a complex interplay of economic, political, and social factors hindering the transition from fossil fuels to renewables. We propose a paradigm model that elucidates the relationships between these factors and offers strategies for overcoming barriers to renewable energy adoption. This research contributes to the growing field of transitional studies in socio-technical energy systems and provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in Countries that are dependent on fossil fuel resources and seeking to accelerate their renewable energy transitions.