Optimal energy management considering consumer individual incentive rate demand response program and real time pricing

In recent years, Increasing the integration of Renewable generation resources and demand load fluctuation at every hour throughout the day led to variation in energy price throughout the day. So, multi-objective optimal energy management and demand side management (DSM) are suitable solutions to improve the operation of electrical networks. This work introduces an advanced methodology for multi-objective optimal energy management of Distribution Networks (DN) connected to Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) considering the variation in the generated output of DERs. Also, apply the Demand Response Program (DRP). The proposed methodology is based on a Bi-Level framework. Firstly, DRP is applied to decrease the total demand load of DN and maximize the profit of the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) by optimizing an individual curtailed power and an individual incentive rate for each consumer participating in DRP considering Real Time Pricing (RTP). Secondly, Multi-objective optimal power sharing between DERs and the grid considering the optimal curtailed power at the first level and RTP involving the economic and technical benefits in addition, the environmental benefits. To ensure the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, the IEEE 33 bus radial distribution network connected to DERs has been applied. So, the total demand load decreased by 6.6 MWhr/day, the total energy losses throughout the day decreased by 37.42 % and the maximum voltage deviation decreased by 50.91 %. Also, the power purchased from the grid decreased by 16.98 % and the cost of power received from the grid decreased by 17.33 %. In addition, the gas emissions limitation reached 12.8 %.