Enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding: The role and advances of ferromagnetic materials

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding becomes much more effective when ferromagnetic materials are used. This is because they can strongly decrease the intensity of electromagnetic waves (EMWs). This analysis explores how these materials help make EMI shielding better, focusing on their high magnetic permeability. This property allows them to efficiently absorb and dissipate electromagnetic energy. Several key processes, such as magnetic hysteresis, eddy current losses, and natural resonance, lead to superior shielding performance. This review also looks at how ferromagnetic materials are being combined with new nanostructures, hybrid composites, and metamaterials to create shielding that can be adjusted and works across a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, it discusses recent progress in materials science, like the creation of lightweight, flexible, and multifunctional ferromagnetic composites. The review also covers new manufacturing methods and material design approaches that improve shielding effectiveness while keeping the materials mechanically and thermally stable. Overall, this review offers a thorough understanding of how ferromagnetic materials contribute to the next generation of EMI shielding solutions and their potential for future technological progress in areas like wireless communication, aerospace, and defense.