Lightweight core-shell multilayer nanocomposites of Yttrium oxide @ Silicon dioxide @ Polypyrrole @ Manganese dioxide for broadband microwave absorption

A novel composite material, Y2O3@SiO2@PPy@MnO2, has been developed to address the growing demand for electromagnetic wave pollution and efficient solutions. The material features a multilayer core-shell frost like structure, which facilitates synergistic interactions and unique microstructure. The multiple components creates more internal space and denser conductive losses, boosting microwave absorption capabilities. At 1.8 mm, the material exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of-52.05 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaching up to 4.58 GHz. In the thickness range of 1-5 mm, the absorption band of 13.27 GHz is achieved, encompassing the entire X-band, Ku-band and 80 % of the C-band. This advantage not only diminishes the material's thickness, but also improves its strength, while broadens the absorption bandwidth. In addition, the impact of concentration and reaction time on the morphology of each layer and the corresponding absorbing mechanism are also discussed. This provides a novel perspective for the research and design of absorbing materials with excellent absorption properties.