Integrating geospatial and geoelectric insights for groundwater potential mapping in Northern Maharashtra, India using a multi-criteria decision analysis approach

Groundwater is a vital resource, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water availability is limited. This study focuses on mapping groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in the Dhule district of Maharashtra, India, an area characterized by complex hydrogeological conditions within the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP). Utilizing a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, the study integrates geospatial techniques with geoelectric data to accurately delineate areas with high groundwater potential. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) methodologies enables a detailed assessment of various influencing factors, including geological structures, soil texture, slope, drainage density, and land use patterns. Key findings highlight that regions with specific geological formations, such as weathered and fractured basalts and areas with dykes, show higher groundwater potential due to their enhanced porosity and permeability. The study identifies the central Shindkheda, southern Sakri, and Dhule subdivisions as critical areas for implementing groundwater recharge techniques to mitigate surface runoff and erosion. Recommendations for these regions include the construction of trenches, bunds, recharge pits, and percolation tanks. Additionally, the adoption of water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting is emphasized to improve groundwater recharge and management. The validated approach establishes a strong foundation for future research and interventions aimed at enhancing water security in similar hydrogeological settings. The integration of AHP and GIS provides a robust framework for groundwater resource management, offering valuable insights for decision-makers focused on sustainable water resource utilization.