The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Occurrence rates of Earth-like planets around very low-mass stars

被引：0

作者：

Kaminski, A. ^{[1
]}

Sabotta, S. ^{[1
]}

Kemmer, J. ^{[1
]}

Chaturvedi, P. ^{[2
,3
]}

Burn, R. ^{[4
]}

Morales, J.C. ^{[5
,6
]}

Caballero, J.A. ^{[7
]}

Ribas, I. ^{[5
,6
]}

Reiners, A. ^{[8
]}

Quirrenbach, A. ^{[1
]}

Amado, P.J. ^{[9
]}

Béjar, V.J.S. ^{[10
,11
]}

Dreizler, S. ^{[8
]}

Guenther, E.W. ^{[3
]}

Hatzes, A.P. ^{[3
]}

Henning, Th. ^{[4
]}

Kürster, M. ^{[4
]}

Montes, D. ^{[12
]}

Nagel, E. ^{[8
]}

Pallé, E. ^{[10
,11
]}

Pinter, V. ^{[13
]}

Reffert, S. ^{[1
]}

Schlecker, M. ^{[14
]}

Shan, Y. ^{[8
,15
]}

Trifonov, T. ^{[1
,16
]}

Osorio, M. R. Zapatero ^{[7
]}

Zechmeister, M. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Landessternwarte, Zentrum fur Astronomie der Universitat Heidelberg, Konigstuhl 12, Heidelberg,69117, Germany

[2] Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai,400005, India

[3] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, Tautenburg,07778, Germany

[4] Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Konigstuhl 17, Heidelberg,69117, Germany

[5] Institut de Ciencies de l Espai (CSIC), c/ de Can Magrans s/n, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Bellaterra,08193, Spain

[6] Institut d Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Castelldefels,08860, Spain

[7] Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, Madrid, Villanueva de la Canada,28692, Spain

[8] Institut fur Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universitat, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Gottingen,37077, Germany

[9] Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n, Granada,18008, Spain

[10] Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Tenerife, La Laguna,38205, Spain

[11] Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, La Laguna,38206, Spain

[12] Departamento de Fisica de la Tierra y Astrofisica, Iparcos Instituto de Fisica de Particulas y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, Madrid,28400, Spain

[13] Centro Astronomico Hispano en Andalucia, Observatorio Astronomico de Calar Alto, Sierra de los Filabres, Almeria, Gergal,04550, Spain

[14] Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson,AZ,85721, United States

[15] Centre for Planetary Habitability, Department of Geosciences, Universitetet i Oslo, Sem Salands vei 2b, Oslo,0315, Norway

[16] Department of Astronomy, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, 5 James Bourchier Blvd, Sofia,1164, Bulgaria

来源：

Astronomy and Astrophysics | 2025年 / 696卷

基金：

美国国家航空航天局;

关键词：

Earth; (planet); -; Exoplanets;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202453381

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Aims. Previous estimates of planet occurrence rates in the CARMENES survey indicated increased numbers of planets on short orbits for M dwarfs with masses below 0.34Mo. Here we focused on the lowest-mass stars in the survey, comprising 15 inactive targets with masses under 0.16Mo. Methods. To correct for detection biases, we determined detection sensitivity maps for individual targets and the entire sample. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimated planet occurrence rates for orbital periods of 1 d to 100 d and minimum masses from 0.5M⊕ to 10M⊕. We also compared the actual sample of known planets to model predictions. Results. The radial velocity (RV) data from CARMENES reveal four new planets around three stars in our sample, namely G 268- 110 b, G 261-6 b, and G 192-15 b and c. All three b planets have minimum masses of 1.03-1.52M⊕ and orbital periods of 1.43-5.45 d, while G 192-15 c is a 14.3M⊕ planet on a wide, eccentric orbit with P ≈ 1218 d and e ≈ 0.68. Our occurrence rates suggest considerable dependencies with respect to stellar masses. For planets below 3M⊕ we found rates consistent with one planet per star across all investigated periods, but the rates decrease almost by an order of magnitude for larger planet masses up to 10M⊕. Compared to previous studies, low-mass stars tend to harbor more planets with P © The Authors 2025.

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