Transformative Effects of Mindfulness Meditation Training on the Dynamic Reconfiguration of Executive and Default Mode Networks in Internet Gaming Disorder

BACKGROUND: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a pervasive global mental health issue, and finding effective treatments for the disorder has been challenging. Mindfulness meditation (MM), recognized for its holistic approach that involves integrating mental and physical facets, holds promise for addressing the multifaceted nature of addiction. Nevertheless, the effect of MM on IGD and its associated neural networks, particularly in terms of their dynamic characteristics, remains elusive. METHODS: A total of 61 eligible participants with IGD (30 in the MM group, 31 in the progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] group) completed the experimental protocol, which involved pretest, an 8-session MM/PMR training regimen, and posttests. The 142 brain regions of interest were categorized into 5 brain networks using dynamic network reconfiguration analysis based on Shen's functional template. A comparative analysis of network dynamic features, including recruitment and integration coefficients, was performed across different groups and tests using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS: While clinically nonspecific effects were observed in the PMR group, the MM group exhibited a significant reduction in addiction severity and cravings. In the dynamic brain network, MM training increased the recruitment coefficient within the frontoparietal network (FPN) and basal ganglia network (BGN) but decreased it within the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, MM training increased the integration coefficient in the FPN-DMN and DMN-limbic network (LN). CONCLUSIONS: MM has demonstrated pronounced efficacy in treating IGD. MM may enhance top-down control functions, cognitive and emotional functions, and reward-system processing, potentially through the reconfiguration of the FPN-DMN pathway, DMN-LN pathway, and BGN.