Evaluation of the impact of periodontitis susceptibility on perI-implant marginal bone level changes: A longitudinal retrospective study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis susceptibility and peri-implant marginal bone level changes (Delta MBL), according to the new periodontal disease classification system. Methods: A total of 109 patients and 299 implants who had been functionally loaded for 16-92 months and who attended follow-up sessions were included in the study. Study groups were defined as three periodontitis susceptibility groups according to IDRA risk diagram. Radiographically mesial and distal Delta MBL, crown length/ implant length ratio (CIR), occlusal width/implant diameter and mesial, distal and antagonist adjacent of the implant were measured. Delta MBL was calculated on periapical radiographs taken at functional loading time (T0) and at the last follow-up session (T1). Results: The mesial and mean Delta MBL of implants with dentate in the mesial adjacent were statistically significantly lower than those of implants with implant or edentulous space in the mesial adjacent (p < 0.05). Binary logistic analysis showed that odds ratio for Group III periodontitis susceptibility was 2.803 (CI, 1.335-5.888). Mean Delta MBL in Group III was 2.803 times higher than Group I. Moreover, the odds ratio for CIR was calculated to be 0.375 (CI, 0.145-0.970). A one-unit decrease in the CIR is associated with a 2.67-fold (1/0.375) increase in the probability of distal Delta MBL. Conclusions: Within the limitations, it was shown that peri-implant Delta MBL increased as the periodontitis susceptibility level increased. Furthermore, systemic and restorative variables such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, implant brand, implant adjacent and CIR may be a risk factor for peri-implant increased Delta MBL. Clinical Significance: It should be kept in mind that CIR in implant crowns can affect Delta MBL, and attention should be paid especially in patient groups with periodontitis susceptibility III.