Association Factors of Self-Management Behaviour Among Lung Transplant Recipients Based on Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: Effective self-management after lung transplantation is critical. The Health Belief Model is frequently used to predict and explain the health behaviour in chronic ill patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the status and association factors of self-management among lung transplantation recipients based on the Health Belief Model. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 123 lung transplantation recipients at the lung transplant unit of a general hospital from March 2022 to October 2023. The survey instruments included the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Champion Health Beliefs Model Scale, and the Self-Management Questionnaire for Lung Transplant Recipients. SPSS 25.0 was adopted to perform descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Scoring indicators of self-management dimensions in lung transplantation recipients were lifestyle management (82.8%), communication with physicians (50.0%), cognitive symptom management (36.0%), and exercise (21.7%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of postoperative complications, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, and health motivation explained 22.3% of the total variation in the exercise dimension; health motivation and social support explained 13.5% and 17.4% of the variation in cognitive symptom management dimension and communication with physicians dimension, respectively; and health motivation, social support, and perceived barriers explained 24.0% of the total variation in the lifestyle management dimension. Conclusions: Health motivation, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits and barriers, social support, and the number of postoperative complications were the main association factors of self-management behaviour among lung transplant recipients.