Training Cognitive Functions Using DUAL-REHAB, a New Dual-Task Application in MCI and SMC: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial

Background: Current research on Alzheimer's Disease has progressively focused on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as a pre-dementia state, as well as on Subjective Memory Complaint (SMC), as a potential early indicator of cognitive change. Consequently, timely interventions to prevent cognitive decline are essential and are most effective when combined with motor training. Nevertheless, motor-cognitive dual-task training often employs non-ecological tasks and is confined to clinical contexts lacking generalizability to daily life. The integration of 360 degrees media could overcome these limitations. Therefore, the aim of the current work is twofold: (a) to present a dual-task training using 360 degrees technology for its interactivity, versatility, and ecological validity, and (b) to propose a protocol to test its efficacy through a randomized clinical trial. Methods: This study will recruit 90 older adults (MCI and SMC). Participants will follow two phases of training: in-hospital rehabilitation and at-home rehabilitation. The experimental design will follow a 2 x 3 x 2 structure with 3 factors: type of treatment (360 degrees training vs. traditional rehabilitation), time (baseline, post in-hospital training, and post at-home training), and group (SMC vs. MCI). Results: The expected outcome is an improvement in cognitive and motor functioning after the experimental training. Conclusion: This study will advance the literature on non-pharmacological interventions and innovative technological tools for cognitive trainings in the early stages of cognitive decline.