Design and synthesis of a highly polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe and its application in tumor cell imaging

Among cancer patients, those in advanced stages generally face higher mortality rates, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis in improving cure rates and survival outcomes. Compared to normal cells, tumor cells exhibit a lower polarity in their microenvironment, providing a promising avenue for early cancer detection. It is feasible to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells by leveraging the fluorescence response of probes to polarity. In this study, we designed a fluorescence probe, PCC, with high sensitivity to polarity for early cancer diagnosis. The probe demonstrated a remarkable fluorescence intensity increase of 100-fold in a low-polarity solvent (1,4-dioxane) compared to a high-polarity solvent (water). Additionally, PCC exhibited excellent tumor-targeting ability, large Stokes shift, strong anti-interference capability, and high photostability. When applied to tumor cells (HeLa and CT26,SGC-7901) and normal cells (RAW 264.7,HUVEC,L-02), the probe produced a fluorescence intensity difference exceeding fourfold. These findings indicate that PCC, as a polarity-sensitive fluorescence probe, holds significant promise for early cancer diagnosis.