Early Implant Failure in Patients Using Antihypertensive Medications: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction and aims: Antihypertensive medications increase osteoblasts differentiation and bone mineral formation. Osseointegration of dental implants depends on new bone formation and remodelling. Consequently, improved osseointegration may be speculated in patients receiving antihypertensive drugs. Aim - Asses the effect of antihypertensive medications on osseointegration of dental implants. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. All individuals (792) who received at least one dental implant during a 6-year period at a single medical centre. The cohort was divided into three groups: normotensive (74.8% - 593) patients (NT group), hypertensive (23.4% - 185) patients using antihypertensive medications (HTN +med group), and hypertensive patients not using (1.8% - 14) antihypertensive medications (HTN -med group). Interventions-Installation of dental implants by experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons with or without bone augmentation. Main measures - Early implant failure (EIF) (<= 12 months from loading) reflects lack of new bone formation or excessive bone turnover during osseointegration. Results: The study included 792 individuals, 14 in the HTN-med group, 185 in the HTN +med group and 593 in the NT group. At the patient level, the HTN -med group were most likely (P = .041) to experience EIF 28.60% (4/14 patients). Due to the small sample of the HTN -med group, an additional analysis was carried out excluding this group. EIF of 9.70% (18/185 patients) in the HTN +med group was significantly (P = .047) lower than the NT group 14.50% (86/593 patients). 2971 implants were inserted in all study groups, 71.4% (2123) in the NT group, 26.4% (784) in the HTN +med group and 2.2% (64) in the HTN -med group. Collectively, EIF was recorded for 114 (3.84%) implants. In the HTN -med group, EIF of 6.25% (4 implants), was significantly (P < .001) higher than the two other groups. The EIF rate of the HTN +med group was 2.29% (18 implants) which was significantly less than that of the NT group 4.33% (92 implants). Controlling modifying parameters, using antihypertensive medication yielded lower EIF with marginal significance (P = .059) and OR = 0.618. Conclusion: Based on statistically significant lower EIF rate found in the HTN +med group, antihypertensive medications may decrease the EIF rate of dental implants.