Randomized Controlled Study on the Impact of Problem-Based Learning Combined With Large Language Models on Critical Thinking Skills in Nursing Students

Background: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into nursing education presents a novel approach to enhancing critical thinking skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of LLM-assisted Problem-Based Learning (PBL) compared to traditional PBL in improving critical thinking skills among nursing students. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to either a traditional PBL group (50 nursing students) or an LLM-integrated PBL group (50 nursing students). The California Critical thinking Skills test was used to assess critical thinking skills. Results: The LLM-integrated PBL group showed a more pronounced increase (0.60 points) in critical thinking skills compared to the PBL group (0.50 points, p < .01). A notable difference was observed in inductive reasoning skills between the PBL group and the LLM-integrated PBL group (p < .01). Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of LLM-assisted PBL as an effective educational strategy in nursing education.