A pilot study investigating the effectiveness, appreciation, and feasibility of a cognitive stimulation program in dementia patients: online versus face-to-face

Introduction This study was conducted to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and appreciation of a cognitive stimulation protocol for dementia patients, comparing in-person and remote interventions. Cognitive stimulation is a key non-pharmacological therapy that supports cognitive abilities and psychological wellbeing in dementia patients, also benefiting caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for remote therapeutic options, yet the effectiveness and applicability of these for frail dementia patients require validation. The study aimed to evaluate whether a cognitive stimulation protocol could be adapted for remote use, particularly for patients facing logistical challenges.Methods The study involved 19 dementia patients (Clinical Dementia Rating = 1 or 2), with 12 undergoing in-person treatment and seven participating remotely. Over eight weekly 1 h sessions, patients engaged in various cognitive activities, including memory, attention, and problem-solving exercises, guided by a clinical psychologist. Remote participants received an introduction to basic computer literacy. Assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) at the start (T0) and end (T1) of the intervention. Additionally, satisfaction was measured with visual and Likert scales for both patients and caregivers.Results No significant differences were found between the in-person and remote groups in terms of age, education, or gender. The cognitive profiles and ability to perform daily activities remained stable throughout the intervention. Both patients and caregivers reported high levels of satisfaction, with positive feedback on the utility, enjoyment, and engagement in the sessions. The program was also found to be effective in offering support and engaging caregivers, demonstrating that the protocol was both feasible and well-received.Discussion These findings suggest that remote cognitive stimulation interventions are a viable and beneficial alternative to in-person therapy. The high levels of satisfaction and stable cognitive outcomes are in line with previous studies. Future research with a larger sample size and long-term follow-up is needed to further assess the lasting impact on cognitive function, quality of life, and caregiver burden. The integration of remote protocols into healthcare systems could enhance access to therapy for a broader patient population.