Recent large-scale prescribed fire treatments reduced Carr Fire severity at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area

被引:0
作者
Beckmann, Jill J. [1 ,3 ]
van Mantgem, Phillip J. [1 ]
Wright, Micah [1 ]
Engber, Eamon [2 ]
机构
[1] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA
[2] Natl Pk Serv, Pacific West Reg, 121200 HWY 101, Orick, CA 95555 USA
[3] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 E Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
关键词
Coniferous forests; Extreme fire weather; Fire severity; Fuel treatments; Klamath Mountains; Lidar; Simultaneous autoregressive model; Underburning; Vegetation; Wildland fire; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; BURN SEVERITY; FUEL TREATMENTS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE; CLIMATE; MANAGEMENT; WILDFIRE; HISTORY; WEATHER;
D O I
10.1186/s42408-025-00377-0
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
BackgroundSevere fire weather is becoming more common throughout the western United States. Changing conditions demand a better understanding of how prescribed fire treatments perform under extreme burning conditions, including the interactive influence of the age of treatments, vegetation, and fire weather. The Carr Fire of July 2018 burned nearly the entire land area of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (NRA) under extreme fuel moisture and temperature conditions. Prior to the Carr Fire and since 1997, staff at Whiskeytown NRA treated 23% of the 15,756-ha NRA using large-scale prescribed fire (underburn) treatments ranging in size from 40 to 400 hectares.MethodsWe used simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models to describe the effects of landscape-scale fuel treatments on wildfire severity under extreme burning conditions and across diverse biophysical settings at Whiskeytown NRA. Because vegetation type and structure are known drivers of fire severity in diverse ecosystems such as at Whiskeytown NRA, we also considered three different sources of vegetation structure data, including a 2006 physiognomic-floristic classification, a 2011 lidar-based forest structure classification, and a 2016 Landfire map of existing vegetation physiognomy-subclass.ResultsThe greatest effect on 2018 Carr Fire severity was time since treatment of underburn treatments, but treatment effectiveness on fire severity dissipated rapidly-showing notable effectiveness within 5 years of underburning but virtually no effectiveness beyond 10 years post-treatment. Additional factors related to severity included vegetation structure type, topographic position index, aspect, slope, temperature, and wind gust speed. Model variance explained and model parameters, including the effect of underburn treatments, were similar regardless of the source of vegetation structure data.ConclusionsOur results show that large-scale underburning treatments can reduce wildfire severity even under extreme fire weather conditions but suggest that frequent maintenance intervals are required to maintain treatment effectiveness ahead of severe wildfire events. AntecedentesLas condiciones meteorol & oacute;gicas en que se desarrollan incendios severos son cada d & iacute;a m & aacute;s comunes en el oeste de los EEUU. Estas condiciones cambiantes demandan un mejor conocimiento sobre c & oacute;mo los tratamientos de quemas prescriptas se comportan bajo condiciones extremas de quema, incluyendo la influencia interactiva de la edad de los tratamientos, la vegetaci & oacute;n, y el tiempo meteorol & oacute;gico durante la quema. El incendio de Carr de Julio de 2018 quem & oacute; casi toda el & aacute;rea del & Aacute;rea Nacional de Recreaci & oacute;n de Whiskeytown (NRA) bajo condiciones extremas de humedad del combustible y de temperaturas. Antes de este incendio en Carr, y desde 1997, el staff de Whiskeytown hab & iacute;a tratado el 23% de las 15.756 ha del NRA usando tratamientos de quemas prescriptas de gran escala (large-scale underburn en idioma ingl & eacute;s) que rondaban cada una entre las 40 y 400 ha.M & eacute;todosUsamos modelos auto-regresivos simult & aacute;neos (SAR) para describir los efectos de los tratamientos de combustible a escala de paisaje sobre la severidad de los incendios ocurridos bajo condiciones extremas a lo largo de diversos componentes biof & iacute;sicos en Whiskeytown NRA, considerando asimismo tres fuentes diferentes de estructura de la vegetaci & oacute;n, incluyendo una clasificaci & oacute;n fison & oacute;mico-flor & iacute;stica de 2006, datos forestales de 2011 basado en la clasificaci & oacute;n de estructuras forestales mediante LIDAR, y un mapa de LANDFIRE de 2016 sobre la fisonom & iacute;a de una subclase de la vegetaci & oacute;n existente.ResultadosEl mayor efecto en la severidad el incendio de Carr de 2018 fue el tiempo desde el & uacute;ltimo tratamiento de quemas prescriptas; aunque la efectividad de los tratamientos en relaci & oacute;n a la severidad se disiparon r & aacute;pidamente-mostrando una notable efectividad dentro de los 5 a & ntilde;os, fueron en cambio virtualmente no efectivos a los 10 a & ntilde;os luego de los tratamientos-. Factores adicionales relacionados con la severidad incluyeron el tipo de estructura vegetal, el & iacute;ndice de posici & oacute;n topogr & aacute;fica, el aspecto, pendiente, temperatura, y la velocidad de las rachas de vientos. La varianza explicativa, y los par & aacute;metros del modelo, incluyendo el efecto de los tratamientos de quemas, fueron similares independientemente de la fuente usada para determinar los datos de estructura vegetal.ConclusionesNuestros resultados muestran que los tratamientos de quemas prescriptas a gran escala pueden reducir la severidad de los incendios a & uacute;n bajo condiciones de tiempo meteorol & oacute;gico extremas, pero sugieren que los intervalos entre quemas sean lo suficientemente frecuentes como para mantener la efectividad de los tratamientos ante la eventualidad de ocurrencia de eventos de incendios extremos.
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