Body image among people living with HIV: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse, synthesise and review existing research on body image among people living with HIV (PLWH). Specifically, the review investigated the relationship of body image with sociodemographic and clinical variables and psychological correlates among PLWH. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, MedLine, ProQuest and Scopus databases and yielded a total of 699 abstracts. The inclusion criteria encompassed quantitative and peer-reviewed articles published in English devoted to HIV/AIDS adult patients, with validated measurements of body image operationalized explicitly as an outcome variable. Results: A total of 17 articles were accepted for systematic review and analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated using STROBE guidelines for observational studies. The findings revealed that body image disturbances are common among PLWH and are influenced by factors such as lipodystrophy, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy in health behaviours, social support, stigma and quality of life. Higher body image disturbance was also linked to poorer adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increased HIV sexual transmission risk behaviours. Conclusions: Body image is a crucial aspect of the psychosocial functioning of PLWH. Despite medical advancements, PLWH continue to face significant body image disturbances that impact their quality of life. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, diverse geographical contexts and interventions aimed at improving body image among this population. Addressing body image concerns through psychosocial support and therapeutic interventions can potentially enhance the overall well-being and health outcomes of PLWH.