Optimization of Injection Strategy for CH4/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine Using Response Surface Methodology

Dual-fuel combustion technology allows for lower emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). However, under low load conditions, this mode of combustion has large amounts of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) and low thermal efficiency. Several solutions have been presented to solve the issues associated with this operating mode. Optimizing the injection strategy is a potential method to enhance engine performance and reduce emissions, given that the injection parameters have significant effects on the combustion process. The present investigation optimized a methane/diesel dual-fuel engine's emissions and performance using response surface methodology (RSM). Three parameters were investigated as input variables: dwell time (DT), diesel pre-injection timing (IT), and engine load (EL). RSM was used to optimize brake thermal efficiency (BTE), NOx emissions, and HC emissions, aiming to identify the best combination of these input factors. The RSM analysis revealed that the optimal combination of input parameters for achieving maximum BTE and minimum NOx and HC emissions is an 87% engine load, an 8 degrees crank angle (CA) dwell time, and a 11 degrees bTDC pre-injection timing. The RSM model demonstrated high accuracy with a prediction error less than 4%.