Pandemic-era behavioral changes and post-pandemic persistence in the high-density urban context of Hong Kong

The COVID-19 pandemic was the most complex public health emergency in over a century. During the pandemic, daily behaviors globally shifted due to the health risks and the policies enacted to mitigate its spread. The permanence of these shifts, particularly after the pandemic subsided, has yet to be determined. The experience of Hong Kong showcases patterns of change that are emblematic of a high-density metropolis. To assess how the pandemic has modified the behaviors of Hong Kong's residents and the durability of these changes, we undertook a demographically representative survey from June to September 2022, with a subsequent follow-up in August 2023. This study constructs a panel dataset encompassing pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods to analyze shifts in behaviors such as telecommuting, transportation mode choices, dining habits, shopping practices, and Internet use. Our findings reveal several pandemic-induced behavioral trends that diverge from existing literature, offering new insights into behavioral change and its persistence as a result of global health and safety crises, particularly in a high-density urban context. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of emerging norms in the post-pandemic era and enhance preparedness for future public health challenges.