The seismic behavior of square steel fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (SRACFST) columns was studied through tests on 14 specimens. The analysis focused on the influence of various factors, including axial compression ratio, recycled aggregate replacement rate, steel fiber volume content, steel tube wall thickness, core concrete strength, and section form. Increasing the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement rate weakened the overall seismic performance of SRACFST columns, including ductility, energy dissipation and so on. Whereas, adding steel fiber to the mix could alleviate the detrimental effect caused by increasing recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate. Increasing the amount of steel fiber improves ductility and energy dissipation, especially when the steel fiber volume content exceeds 1.2 %. Thicker steel tube walls improve seismic performance, but higher axial compression significantly reduces deformation capacity and ductility. Strengthening the core concrete strength leads to faster degradation of stiffness and strength, as well as reduced deformation capacity and ductility. Square specimens have lower deformation capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation compared to circular specimens under the same test conditions. Model established by fiber model (FM) method can be used to predict lateral strength capacity and skeleton curve of SRACFST columns.